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VZOR:Křižík, František (1847-1941)
Narodil se 8.7. 1847 v Plánici u Klatov a zemřel 22.1. 1941 ve Stádleci u Tábora.
"Moje dětství bylo spokojené a šťastné," napsal jednou František Křižík. "Otec byl chudý, chromý švec a matka posluhovala."
Na učenou se vydal do Prahy. "Vyrazili jsme s maminkou z Klatov pěšky, cesta nám trvala tři dny."
Narodil se ve stejném roce jako v Americe Edison a v Rusku Jabločkov. Studoval několik let v Praze, ale o jeho dalším osudu rozhodla železnice. Začal v ní pracovat jako opravář telegrafů. Je zajímavé, že i oba výše jmenovaní muži začínali s telegrafem.
Křižík vystřídal různé štace. Byl v Olomouci, Krnově, Brně a nakonec se usadil v Plzni, kde jsme také poprvé zaznamenaly jeho vynalézavou povahu objevem návěstidla proti srážkám vlaků. Elektřina tehdy svítí jen v Paříži (Světová výstava roku 1878), kde ruský vynálezce Jabločkov představil své elektrické svíčky a Pařížané radostně křičí: Vive la lumiére russe! Ať žije ruské světlo.
O tři roky později je Paříž svědkem sjezdu všech kouzelníků elektřiny. Ze zámoří připlouvá Thomas Alva Edison se svou žárovkou, jsou zde i Graham Bell s telefonem, Werner Siemens s dynamem a naši zemi zastupuje František Křižík.
Padesát vynálezců přivezlo obloukovou lampu do Paříže a porota, v jejímž čele seděl Jabločkov, si z tolika výrobků vybrala jeden a ocenila jej zlatou medailí. Radoval se z ní právě Křižík.
Následuje obrovský růst popularity jeho vynálezu. Jeho patent chtějí odkoupit některé zahraniční firmy a nabízejí nemalé částky peněz. Křižík nakonec svoluje s podmínkou, že pro Čechy bude vyrábět pouze on.
Sláva má však i své stinné stránky a Německo se nehodlalo s Křižíkovým vynálezem smířit. V jednom z dopisů adresovaných "českému Edisonovi", jak jej často označovaly noviny, je žaloba Wernera Siemense za zneužití jeho patentu. Soud dal za pravdu nejprve Siemensovi, ale ve druhé stolici žalobu zamítl a Křižík zvítězil.
V srpnu 1881 Křižík poprvé představil svou obloukovku v plzeňském divadle.
Poté se v Praze stavělo Národní divadlo a František Křižík projevil zájem o dodání elektrického osvětlení. Nebyl však vyslyšen a vyhrál zástupce Thomase Alvy Edisona. Karta osudu ale nebyla tak krutá a během prvního představení selhala dynama, Křižík je musel opravit a poté nad světly divadla bděl dalších 30 let.
V roce 1891 zkonstruoval první elektrickou tramvaj. S tím bylo spojeno další obžalování od konkurence, ale i tento spor Křižík neprohrál. Dokonce chtěl konkurovat i Fordovi a sestrojil tři elektrické automobily, ve kterých se projížděl Prahou.
Nejvíce se do paměti lidí vryla jeho elektrická lokomotiva, na kterou použil 1400 V, dosud neslýchané napětí. Zajímavostí bezesporu je, že vybavil i 130 elektráren a Čechy byly jedinou zemí, která si svoji elektřinu dokázala vyrábět sama.
Doplatil však na to, že na těchto svých akcích prodělával a nebýt vysokého honoráře (tři sta tisíc ve zlatě) už by byl jistě na mizině.
Jeho život ale nebyl plný šťastných okamžiků. V roce 1913 byl Křižík natolik zadlužen, že musel do područí Pražské úvěrní banky předat svou firmu.
Řízení se protahuje, ale pro českou elektrotechniku František Křižík umírá. Doopravdy svět opouští v lednu 1941 a jeho hrob bychom mohli nalézt poblíž dalších českých osobností na pražském Vyšehradě.
Nechtěl jsem končit tento referát smutně, proto jsem záměrně přeskočil poslední, ničím nezkalené vítězství Františka Křižíka. Na Jubilejní výstavě 1891 v Praze lidem představuje svou fontánu, obloukové lampy ji osvětlují všemi barvami, gejzíry vystřikují a tisíce lidí zpívají Kde domov můj.
Zdroj:
http://www.velikani.cz
http://cs.wikipedia.o
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